Alcoholism among Victorians Essay -- Victorian Era

Liquor abuse among Victorians Wrayburn: â€Å"It will be vital, I think, to wrap up Mr. Dolls, before anything to any human reason can be escaped him. Liquor, Mr. Dolls, or - ?† Mr. Dolls: â€Å"Threepenn’orth Rum.† - Our Mutual Friend by Charles Dickens All through Victorian culture â€Å"gin was the favored soul of the lower class, while wine and cognac were assimilated by the more agreeable citizenry† (Alcoholic Beverages 12). During the nineteenth century, the Victorians had elevated standards of their group framework to ensure the classes were particular and appropriately spoke to. They â€Å"valued controlled, auspicious behavior† and would endure nothing less (Harding Victorians and Alcohol). There was a â€Å"cultural esteem put on teetotaling,† all out restraint from mixed beverages, however notwithstanding this worth â€Å"alcohol utilization turned into a famous pastime† (Harding Victorians and Alcohol). Conduct, for example, inebriation was unequivocally opposed on account of its relationship with the lower class. Liquor abuse: Representation of the Working Class It was generally realized that â€Å"drunkenness, and the related loss of discretion, was related with the lower classes† and thusly had negative undertones (Harding Victorians and Alcohol). Spirits, a mainstream hard alcohol, â€Å"had become the regular beverage for less well off people† and â€Å"laborers usually utilized spirits to escape from their forlorn ordinary lives† (Harding Victorians and Alcohol). The horrendous working and day to day environments of the common laborers added to their â€Å"hard, controlled, and repetitive life, [leading] to unreasonable drinking of hard liquor† (Harding Victorians and Alcohol). This over the top drinking would some of the time bring about open inebriation which was â€Å"regarded as against s... ...ss, Inc. 1996. 12. Distad, Merrill N. â€Å"Food and Diet.† Victorian Britain: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. 1988. 304-307. Garwood, John. â€Å"Religious and good Character of the Pensioners, and Provisions made for their Instruction.† Social Investigation/Journalism †The Million-Peopled City. (1853): 94-96. 11 Mar. 2005 Harding, Stephen. â€Å"Alcohol.† Victorians’ Secrets. â€Å"Absinthe and Victorians.† Victorians’ Secrets. 2000. College of Texas at Arlington. 24 Feb. 2005. Kent, Christopher A. â€Å"Drink.† Twentieth-Century Britain: An Encyclopedia. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1995. 239-240. Murdock, Catherine Gilbert. Taming Drink: Women, Men, and Alcohol in America, 1870-1940 . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

Othello And Hamlet Compariaon And Contrast Essays - Othello

Othello And Hamlet Compariaon And Contrast The plays Othello and Hamlet, composed by William Shakespeare, have numerous likenesses and contrasts. Two fundamental characters Iago, of Othello, and Hamlet, of Hamlet, can be looked into through portrayal. Portrayal is the speak to particle of qualities or thought processes of a character. The two characters have diverse character characteristics which make them genuinely unique in relation to each other, yet their completion goals are strikingly the equivalent. In Othello, Iago is a manipulative and crafty character. Iago's whole plan starts when Cassio is given the position that Iago needed. Iago at that point thinks of various thoughts and plots to take the position he believes he most merits. Iago decei s, takes, and murders to pick up that position. Iago misleads his friends and family including his significant other and companions. Iago fools Othello into beleiving that his own significant other, Desdemona, is having an unsanctioned romance, with no solid verification. Othello is so up to speed in Iago's l s that he won't trust Desdemona when she denies the entire thing. Iago additionally figures out how to take from his own companion, Roderigo, without feeling regretful. He utilizes the cash that Roderigo offers him to attempt to prevail upon Desdemona. When Roderigo finds th Iago has been utilizing his cash he shouts at Iago and takes steps to execute him. In any case, Iago being manipulative tells makes up a plot that includes Roderigo to catch the core of Desdemona. Roderigo trusts Iago and disregards Iago taking his oney. Iago's arrangement is for Roderigo to execute Cassio. At the consummation of the play, Iago's plot is offered away to Othello by his own better half, Emilia. Iago understands that his plot has been uncovered and considers his to be as a snag and an irritating individual who has let t his mystery, so he slaughters her. Iago's coldblooded taking of Emilia, his better half, and Roderigo, his companion, lives is another of Iago's quality of an unethical individual who's principle concern is to ensure himself. Then again, in Hamlet, Hamle is the ideal case of the disastrous saint. Hamlet has all the great qualities should have been a lamentable saint. He is courageous and brave. One case of this is the point at which he went to England, he was facing a major challenge. In the event that his arrangement didn't work, he would have been executive ed. Hamlet is likewise faithful. His dedication to his dad, was the explanation he was so furious at Claudius and his Mother. Claudius wedded King Hamlet's significant other soon after King Hamlet's demise. Another characteristic of Hamlet was that he was clever. He had the option to t nk up faking madness, so as to get more data about Claudius. Be that as it may, Hamlet like all other shocking legend's had a blemish. He was unable to get around to busy, on the grounds that he was unable to proceed onward. It required some investment to quit lamenting about is father, since he would not like to move past that piece of his life. What's more, after he at last did, Hamlet couldn't get around to murdering Claudius. He continued imagining he was crazy significantly after he was certain that Claudius slaughtered his dad. At the point when Hamlet was chal nged to a fencing match against a picked adversary from the lord Hamlet concurs. At long last, Hamlet is in a condition of harmony and availability, tolerating his destiny. Hamlet has experienced a great deal in the course of his life. He has been misled, deceived, and lost the ones he h really adored. The plays Othello and Hamlet can be looked at through their portrayal of characters. The last goals in the two plays appeared to have a similar ridiculous impacts of death. In Othello, Iagos' manipulative trademark drove him to death. Iago's manip ative plot of misleading, selling out, and unrest drove him to his ruin when his plot was uncovered. Iago's manipulative plot prompted the demise of numerous characters in the play. Desdemona kicked the bucket since her better half didn't accept that she was being faithful to him ter Iago declared that she was undermining Othello. Emilia, Iago's better half, kicked the bucket since she uncovered Iago's plot. Roderigo kicked the bucket since he was utilized and controlled by Iago. Lastly Othello kicked the bucket since he was deceived, by Iago, into accepting things thout any known confirmation. In Hamlet, Hamlet's vengenance for

How to Write Research Papers

How to Write Research PapersOne of the most important aspects of writing good research papers is the amount of time you put into research, which, in turn, will directly determine the effectiveness of your research paper. However, in the competitive world of college admissions and high school students today, it may be difficult to fit in all the research time into your day. You should consider learning some tips on how to prepare for this aspect of your research paper, so that you are able to get through it without having a major meltdown in the middle of the process.It may sound ridiculous, but it's a good idea to write down your objectives before you begin. The best way to do this is to ask yourself what you want to accomplish from this research project. The reason that this is a good idea is because you want to make sure that you have a clear set of goals before you start.Write down your objectives as well as the kind of information that you wish to collect. For example, if you wan t to know whether or not there are any links between your favorite television show and your classmates, then it's important to figure out what type of questions you will ask. When you start your research, be as specific as possible, because otherwise you may end up forgetting things as you go along. Keep track of everything you find in your notes so that you won't forget anything.When you're first learning how to write research papers, the first step to take is to narrow down your topic of interest, by finding information that is related to your topic. Remember, you'll be writing the research paper. If your subject doesn't interest you, then you will find it very difficult to research something that interests you. Researching what you don't care about will only give you headaches later.Be sure to pay attention to details that are important to you. Most college admissions officers today are looking for substance in the information they receive in the application. If you're not carefu l, they may cut your data collection and analysis sections or even write you a letter of rejection. So, while you're learning how to write research papers, it is important to pay attention to the details that you can improve upon.One of the most important aspects of how to write research papers involves spelling. It's also important to be sure that you understand what the research is about before you start writing. As you go along, you will find that your spellings will improve, but if you don't, be sure to correct yourself before you post it up for feedback.Lastly, it is important to write about the importance of your topic in the research papers you are writing. While you may know what you want to write about in a general sense, being specific will give it more depth. Being sure to cover all the bases before you begin will allow you to avoid making the same mistakes twice.If you follow these tips on how to write research papers, you will have a much easier time in the long run. Yo u will avoid making mistakes, and at the same time you will be able to achieve success in the field.

The White Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland - 1604 Words

Edwin Sutherland coined the term ‘white-collar crime’ and defined it as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.† (Black, 2010). While Sutherland focused on the perpetrator and his/her characteristics and roles in committing the crime, there were flaws within this definition in that it would not endure the progression of white-collar crime. By focusing on the individual and paying more attention to the actual crime, criminologist and scientist Herbert Edlehertz defined white collar crime as; â€Å"an illegal act or series of illegal acts committed by nonphysical means and by concealment and guile, to obtain money or property, to avoid payment or loss of money or property, or to obtain business or personal advantage.† (source) This is a significant modification because there is an increase in junior ranking individuals committing white-collar crimes. Although there are still convictions of executives, crime such as credit card fraud, forgery, identity theft, internet schemes and telemarketing fraud, do not necessarily require the perpetrator to be management personnel within a company. One other important shift in the understanding of white-collar crime, which this journal aims to contradict, is the notion that white-collar crimes are non-violent and are committed by people who are non-violent in nature. This journal’s purpose is to debunk this and discuss this misconception as it implies all white-collar crimesShow MoreRelatedThe White Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagesphrase â€Å"white-collar crime† was introduces during 1939 when a presidential address was given by Edwin Sutherland to the American Sociological Society. Mr. Sutherland described it as, â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. Although there are many variables to what qualifies for a white-collar crime, the term is generally used for a variety of nonviolent, financially motivated individuals who will exploit their job to commit crimes. OneRead MoreWhite Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay2527 Words   |  11 Pages White Collar Crime Name Institutional Affiliation Currently, white collar crime is one of forms of crime that legal authorities are constantly combating. According to Hasnas (2004), a white collar crime is a non-violent crime committed by someone, especially to achieve financial realisation through deceit. The term â€Å"white collar crime† was coined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 defining it as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of hisRead MoreWhite Collar Crime By Edwin Sutherland Essay2013 Words   |  9 PagesWhite Collar Crime by Edwin Sutherland, published in 1949, is a study in the theory of criminal behaviour. Sutherland states that this book is an attempt to reform the theory of criminal behaviour only, not to reform anything else. And although it may include implications for social reforms, this is not the objective of the book. Sutherland define white collar crime as ‘a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation’ (pp. 9). He adds thatRead MoreWhite Collar Crime Coined By Edwin Sutherland2133 Words   |  9 PagesCrime can occur on various platforms such as the streets of a neighborhood or at a corporation on Wall Street. As a result, crime and criminal behaviour can be explained using a broad set of theories presented by scholars with the focus ranging from the individual offender to the offender’s environment and external influences. White-collar crime coined by Edwin Sutherland, for example, is a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (TathamRead MoreWhite Collar Crime And Corporate Crime1158 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-Collar Crime consists of occupational crime and corporate crime. Occupational crime refers to offences committed against legitimate institutions businesses or government by those with respectable social status. It includes the embezzlement of corporate funds, tax evasion, compu ter crime and expense-account fraud. It is not every day that we hear about white-collar crimes but these non-violent crimes are on the rise to the top. Federal Bureau of Investigation states that USA, for example recordedRead MoreWhite Collar Crime And Criminal Behavior1534 Words   |  7 Pagesthe causations of crime and those at risk of criminal behaviour. White collar crime is a term founded less than a century ago within 1939 by Edwin Sutherland. He identified white collar crime as crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation (Hirschi, 1987, pg 953). Sutherland strived to explain all types of crimes. He proposed that crime occurred beyond the streets, within the business and politic realm. White collar crimes differ heavily fromRead MoreCorporate Tax Evasion Essay example690 Words   |  3 Pagesgovernment. It is illegal and therefore deviant by that definition. Corporate tax evasion (using borderline legal means) is widespread. White-collar crime is a term that is usually applied to crimes associated with business that do not involve violence or bodily injury to another person. Corporate tax evasion falls into the category of white collar crime. There are 3 types of corporate income taxes as follows: National 30% of taxable income, Local 20.7% of National Tax, and EnterpriseRead MoreComparing The Ideas Of Edwin Sutherland1257 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the ideas of Edwin Sutherland from his 1940 publication of White-Collar Criminality with attitudes towards crime in the world today, specifically in George Ritzer’s Essentials of Sociology textbook, I believe that Sutherland would be fairly happy with the treatment of crime. The textbook’s treatment of the topic of crime aligns very well with Sutherland’s outlook. Ideas of crime seemed to be treated fairly in the text, avoiding the classic pitfalls of saying that crime is always associatedRead MoreWhite Collar Crimes And Street Crimes1083 Words   |  5 PagesWhite-collar crimes are just as prevalent today as ordinary street crimes. Studies show that criminal acts committed by white-collar criminals continue to increase due to unforeseen oppo rtunities presented in the corporate world, but these crimes are often overlooked or minimally publicized in reference to criminal acts on the street. Many street crimes are viewed as unnecessary, horrendous crimes because they are committed by lower class citizens, whereas white collar crimes are illegal acts committedRead MoreUnderstanding White Collar Crime1023 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding White Collar Crime Donald J. Joslyn Tri County Tech Understanding White Collar Crime In the United States, there are many different types of crimes that are committed. One type of crime that is considered non-violent would be white-collar crime. Under white collared crimes there are hundreds of different types of crimes that would fall under this category. Sociologist and criminologists have come up with many different theories to what white-collar crime is and what type of people

The Masque Of The Red Death Analysis - 1093 Words

As the human race is always persistent in coming up with new innovations, they have yet to solve one problem: death. The following tale about to unfold before you is an emblem that death is inevitable. Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† may seem like a grotesque story, but in reality it shows the symbolism that no one can escape their fate. This story shows that the amount of wealth you have is no match for your ultimate demise. As a horrible plague (the â€Å"Red Death†) devoured any one who stepped foot in its path, â€Å"Prince Prospero was happy and dauntless, and sagacious.† (Baym 2007) Prince Prospero invited one-thousand knights, dames, and the pecunious people to stay in his castle to escape the â€Å"Red Death†. This left the†¦show more content†¦But we will never know the real reason. It could be because of William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Seven Ages of Men†, or Christianity’s seven deadly sins. T here are more speculations, but my personal perception would be one of these two. Although Poe was not very religious in his later years, he went to church a lot when he was a child which could have influenced his stories. The vivid colors used in each room would lead me to assume that the rooms actually represent the stages of life. On the most eastern side (where the sun rises) would be infant, then the colors in-between would be your years after infancy, then lastly on the furthest western side (where the sun sets) would be death since the room is black. If this is so then Mr. Poe has based the seven different rooms as an allegation to William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Seven Ages of Men†. In this poem Mr. Shakespeare states, the seven ages of man are â€Å"the infant, the whining school-boy, the lover, the soldier, the justice, the lean and slipper’d pantaloons, and lastly second childishness and mere oblivion.† (Harcourt) This symbolizes in the story that death will come to everyone. No one can hide, and there is no escape. On the other hand, if Poe was to use Christianity’s seven sins, as a symbol for the rooms then the dictionary defines â€Å"the deadly sins as pride, covetousness, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth.† (dictionary) In this tale some of these sins are clear like pride, gluttony, and anger. But the others are notShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of The Masque Of The Red Death797 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis Paper Jameson Sexton Hour 7 Don’t attempt to change your fate, I’m warning you. â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† and â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† are examples of why not to mess with your fate. In both stories, the characters attempted changing their fate and ends in a very bad outcome. The characters, both learned that if you try changing your fate there is going be a horrific consequence. There is a terrible sickness spreading throughout their town. â€Å"No pestilence had ever been so fatalRead MoreMasque Of The Red Death Analysis804 Words   |  4 Pages Death is a terrifying prospect for most people , imagine being face to face with it. In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Masque of the Red Death†, the revelers were in this very situation. Prince Pospero’s country was devastated by the Red Death. A plaque that resulted in a painful, gruesome, death. Prince Pospero being the selfish uncaring man he is, locked himself and a thousand of his lighthearted friends in his abbey to hide from the Red Death. After 6 months of seclusion Prince Pospero throws a masqueradeRead MoreAnalysis Of Masque Of The Red Death 969 Words   |  4 Pages4 May 2015 One Must Face Death in â€Å"Masque of The Red Death† Death is unavoidable. It is something that no one can escape. Edgar Allan Poe is a well-known author in literature and was greatly influenced by the way death was presented in life and the resurrection of the dead. In â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, Poe uses symbolism, personification, and imagery to illustrate how death is inevitable and how life will ultimately lead to death. The theme of death being inevitable is firstRead MoreThe Masque Of The Red Death Analysis1117 Words   |  5 Pageshorrorerous descriptions. In â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death ¨, Edgar Allan Poe uses symbolism to portray the mood of death and despair with imagery though his descriptions of time, fear, and obliteration to develop the theme of the story. This is more than just a simple horror narrative. Throughout the story, the Masque of the  ¨Red Death ¨ corresponds with the uses of symbolism to portray the mood of death and despair. To break the title apart, the key image of the  ¨Masque ¨ implies a historic view of aRead MoreThe Masque Of The Red Death Analysis782 Words   |  4 PagesThe Masque of the Red Death The â€Å"Masque of the Red Death†, written by Edgar Allen Poe is an undoubted suspenseful piece of literature based on the most catastrophic epidemic in human history. There are many possible themes in this work, but the one to be focused on is pride. Poe uses imagery, symbolism, and allegory to turn the story into something more than a basic work of fiction. Following the death of over half his kingdom the protagonist, Prince Prospero, invites a bunch of nobles to his safeRead MoreAvoiding Reality: â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Analysis858 Words   |  4 PagesBrandon DeLeon McCloud English 2H November 4, 2013 Avoiding Reality: â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Analysis Throughout the gothic horror short story, â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†, Edgar Allan Poe illustrates the struggle of an egotistical prince who refuses to face the inevitable reality of death. Through the downfall of the protagonist, Poe establishes the idea that the inability to face reality often leads to the destruction of the mind. The downfall of the Prince is emphasized by Poe’sRead MoreThe Masque Of The Red Death Symbolism Analysis954 Words   |  4 PagesDarkness of Symbolism Gothic literature often has a common theme of fear and/or death. Author Edgar Allan Poe is the most well known gothic writer because of his famous dark and frightening short stories such as â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death.† Poe is so popular because of his ability to write stories that leave lasting effects on all readers. In this story, he uses many small symbols that then relate to the major symbols, such as Prince Prospero, his name represents his prosperous lifestyle. TheRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado And The Masque Of The Red Death Analysis1403 Words   |  6 Pagestell stories, within imagination, and suspense towards his readers. Moreover, the majority of Poe’s life relates to his storytelling through, mystery and suspense, considering his sudden death at the age of 40. Edgar Allen Poe created a unique voice in his stories, The Cask of Amontillado and The Masque of the Red Death, through common theme, diction, and point of view. First and foremost, in The Cask of Amontillado , Poe uses the need for revenge, as a significant theme throughout the entire story.Read MoreMasque Of The Red Death By Edgar Allan Poe Analysis758 Words   |  4 Pagescreate his style. In Masque of the Red Death it states, No pestilence had ever been so fatal or so hideous. (†¦) The abbey was amply provisioned. With such precautions the courteirs might bid defiance to contagion. The external world could take care of itself. (†¦) There were buffoons, there were improvisatori, there were ballet-dancers, there were musicians, there was Beauty, there was wine. All these and security within. While the outside world was suffering from the Red Death, Prince ProsperoRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Masque Of The Red Death1409 Words   |  6 PagesA Literary Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Edgar Allan Poe is popularly known as a Gothic short story writer. He has produced many gruesome stories, including the short story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†. In this short tale, Prince Prospero decides to lock himself and his friends of the court into a magnificently decorated abbey to escape becoming ill of a disease which has caused half the people in his land to perish. The Prince provides indulgences and throws parties

Adam Smith and Karl Marx Essay - 2053 Words

Adam Smith and Karl Marx Modern political economic theory and philosophy can be greatly attributed to the works of two men who seemingly held polar opposite views on the subject. Adam Smith, a Scottish philosopher, published his most well known work An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations in 1776 and is most often associated with the ideas and principles of the political economic system known as Capitalism. At the other end of the spectrum is Karl Marx; the German philosopher most often associated with Communism and the author (or co-author) of The Communist Manifesto. This paper seeks to discuss the core differences in their respective political economic philosophies with regards to what economic value is and†¦show more content†¦(Marx Engels, 2006, p. 2) The chief disagreement between Capitalists and Communists is who or what is entitled to ownership and the means of production. In chapter one of the second book of The Wealth of Nations, Smith defined capital as the stock (read: assets or money) that a person does not immediately consume for which the owner expects to derive a future profit. (Smith, 1909) This of course implies that the individual has possession and ownership of the capital item in the first place. Marx bestows a social aspect upon what capital is in The Communist Manifesto. Marx stated that capital is a collective product?only by the united action of all members of society, can it be set in motion. Capital is therefore not a personal, it is a social power. (Marx Engels, 2006, p. 23) In other words, capital belongs to all of the people that are needed to not only produce it, but to provide a reason for its value. One thing that Marx and Smith seems to have agreed upon is something economists call the Labor Theory of Value. While they would ultimately come to different conclusions on the use of the value, the basic assumption is this theory is that value is ultimate derived in an object from the labor necessary to produce it. (Labor Theory, 2008) In chapter 5 of book I of The Wealth of Nations,Show MoreRelatedAdam Smith and Karl Marx Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Smith, the father of economics, published The Wealth of Nations in 1776. Although it made little impact in its time, it conceptualised the economy in a radical new way: in terms of individual agents, acting out of self-interest. From an individualist perspective, he argued that people produced goods in order to make money, and made money in order to purchase goods they valued most. The exchange takes place in a market, where prices are set according to costs and the demand for the good. ThisRead MoreKarl Marx and Adam Smith Essays1386 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Adam Smith Karl Marx and Adam Smith wrote in the same time period – during the industrial revolution, where the bourgeois had risen to power by oppressing and exploiting the proletariat. The term bourgeois refers to the people in the class of modern capitalists, owners of the means of social production and employers of wage labor. The proletarians are the people in the class of modern wage laborers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their laborRead More Adam Smith and Karl Marx Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe task of political economy, Marx argued, was to understand all the presumptions within productive and social relations which made social life in a given form possible at a particular time.(Peterson,17). In some nations, as Hobbes states, the lives of the poor are nasty,brutish and short, by contrast in other nations , the poor do better within same levels of wealth. The aim of political economy is to understand the processes that produce the se differences. The two historical figures that analyzedRead MoreEssay about Karl Marx and Adam Smith: Division of Labour1117 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx and Adam Smith: Division of Labour A nation is just a vast establishment, where the labour of each, however diverse in character, adds to the wealth of all. Two brilliant people of their time are both respected in their views for creating a near perfect society where everyone is happy. Adam Smith, a respected Scottish political economist philosopher born in 1723, had the goal of perfect liberty for all individuals through the capitalistic approach. While Karl Marx, born in 1818Read MoreEssay on Comparing Adam Smith and Karl Marx565 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Adam Smith and Karl Marx Smith and Marx agree upon the importance of capitalism as unleashing productive powers. Capitalism is born out of the division of labour... that is, it is made possible by dividing jobs up into simple tasks as a way of increasing efficiency. By increasing efficiency, then everyone can produce more than they personally need. The extra produced can go towards the accumulation of capital, (machines, more land, more tools, etc) which will allow for even more increasedRead More Adam Smith v. Karl Marx Essay2236 Words   |  9 PagesAdam Smith v. Karl Marx Being reared in the typical capitalist community in the United States, it is much easier for me to relate to the thoughts of Adam Smith. This is not to say that I do not agree with some of the precepts of pure Communism, but like the old adage says, Communism looks good on paper, but in practice, it is completely ineffective. Historically, this form of government does not tend to succeed because of many factors. Some of these include basic economic differences, individualismRead MoreEssay on Capitalism: Karl Marx vs Adam Smith1048 Words   |  5 PagesMarx v. Smith on Capitalism Capitalism, according to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, is â€Å"the means in which production are privately owned and production is guided and income is disputed largely through the operation of markets†. Capitalism saw the emergence after the feudal system of Western Europe can do a halt. Many economists, even today, dispute the simple beginnings of capitalism. Some theories range from religious reasons, such as the rise of Protestant Reformation in the 1500s, to the enclosureRead MoreDivision of Labor1397 Words   |  6 Pages(Borgatta Montgomery and Rhonda 2000). Some of these classical sociological thinkers expressed their own ideas of division of labor, such as Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim. The ideas of these three great thinkers had some similarities, but also differed in many ways. Adam Smith felt division of labor was necessary and vital for economic prosperity, while Karl Marx felt it was the worst thing that had occurred in the world. Both of these thi nkers made strong arguments for their ideas, and expressRead MoreWhat Makes A Nation Wealthy? Essay1668 Words   |  7 PagesWhat makes a nation wealthy? Answering this basic question may not be as simple as it seems. Because we must first analyze what â€Å"wealth† is. This essay is going to cover Adam Smith and Karl Marx’s work and their views how the society works and how wealth is created. It is going to highlight the theory of â€Å"Division of labour† and how it shaped the social relations. Lastly Robert Heilbroner’s concept of â€Å"drive for capital† will be discussed and how it produces wealth and misery to analyze Sinclair’sRead MoreAdam Smith Division Of Labour Summary1636 Words   |  7 PagesAdam Smith’s arguments on economic growth are heavily based on the concept of division of labour. The idea of division of labour relates to distinct specialization of the said labour force by breaking down one job into smaller compo nents. Whereby one worker becomes an expert of their field, which is an isolated part of the production process. Throughout the 19th century, Victorian industries grew out of Maximum utilization of division of labour making it easy for employees to focus on their area

Distrigas Corporation free essay sample

Q1. As per the provided information the Gas Utility companies pays a base commodity charge of $. 3359 plus a peak usage demand of charge that is $4. 63 per Mcf multiplied by the total demand during the maximum take day in the last 12 months which is 240 in this case. The cost per MCF can be derived by the below formula (Commodity Base Charge * Total Demand) + (Peak Usage Demand Charge* High Peak in 1 day* months in year) This will translate into ($ 0. 3359*30,700,000 Mcf)+ ($ 4. 63*240*12) = $ 23,646,530By substituting the appropriate values in the formula we arrive at a cost of $ 23,646,530. This cost is then divided by the total demand over 12 months of 30. 7 Bcf or 30,700,000 Mcf to arrive at an average cost per Mcf of $ 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Distrigas Corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7702 which is a 125% increase over the base charge $ 0. 3359. Similarly in a scenario where the peak demand is equal to the average demand of 84109. 59 Mcf we arrive at an average cost per Mcf of $ 0. 4881 which is a 45% increase over the base charge of $ 0. 3359. Q2.In order to determine the excess amount of gas that had to be bought from Distrigas we made an assumption that the demand was not normally distributed and in order to normalize it we removed the deviation of 18. 66 from the average of the independent demands over the three months to arrive at a normalized value of 178 (rounded off). The assumption is that the gas Utility companies will buy gas from Distrigas only if the demand goes aboce 178. Following this methodology the gas utility company will need to purchase 1801 MMcf from Distrigas to fulfill the peak demand.Filtering days that had excess demand we arrived at 74 days that required the Utility gas company to purchase gas from distrigas. The first phase of that purchase has to be from December 7th to 25th January and the second phase of the purchase should be from 5th February to 28th of February. The annual cost of the policy is attained by the total excess demand ( 1801 MMcf) multiplied by the cost per MMcf of $ 1660 to arrive at a cost of $ 2,989,660. By taking the average of the two cost per Mcf from question 1 we know that the cost per Mcf for regular gas supply is $ 0. 63.The amount of regular gas supply is derived by reducing the Distrigas excess demand gas supply from the total annual demand. These numbers are then used to arrive at a total cost of $ 25,248,978. 26 which results in a savings of $ 252,140 over using pipeline gas. Q. 3 Utility gains from the competitive price rate offered by Distrigas Corporation of $1. 66 per MCF when compared with the pipeline emergency gas rate of $1. 80 per MCG, which makes Distrigas price rate substantially cheaper than the pipeline gas rates. Utility is charged an excessive penalty for going above their planned gas volume by the gas providers. We can evidence this by simply comparing the prices during the peak demand, which is actually more than the average demand with the peak demand being the average demand. Calculating the Cost of Gas: Cost of Gas = (Base Commodity Charge)*(Total demand) + (12)*(4. 63)*(Peak 1 day demand) (Shown in table 1 Annual Cost Analysis) It should be an easy decision for utility to use Distrigas as its emergency gas provider when daily volume of the gas exceeds 178 MMCF (derived after taking the average of the demands for the three months and then normalized the demand variation by taking the Standard Deviation).With the given demand forecast numbers; utility will end up buying 1801MMCF of gas from Distrigas. We thought that using the concept of location pooling from risk pooling strategy would best suit this case study. We backed on this strategy because the objective of the risk pooling strategy is to redesign the supply chain and to either reduce the uncertainty the firm or to hedge uncertaint y so that the firm is in a better position to lessen the consequence of uncertainty. This will convert into cheaper end consumer pricing. Location pooling is best suited for single product as it can be used to decrease the inventory while holding service constant, or increase service while holding inventory cost, or a combination of inventory reduction and service increase. However, the proposal A for Distrigas would cost only $29,376,000, or savings of $252,140. The annual cost of Distrigas policy is $21,172,397. 19. Distrigas strategy should be to maximize on its competitive rate and endeavor itself as a cost leader, promising speed delivery, reliability and meeting the right quantity when needed the most, all at most cost efficient rate possible.To be cost efficient it needs to operate economically such as storing the right amount of gas needed. It has to improve on its storage and deliver the gas in the best cost efficient using the right mode of transportation possible. The biggest threat could be when consumers like Boston Gas decide to build their own storage facilities and therefore start sourcing directly from the pipeline-gas providers, to be stored for usage during peak season. Q4. Proposal A: Slow Build up Strategy – In this proposal infrastructure will be built and machinery and trucks purchased to allow Distrigas to slowly build up inventories at the customer location.This strategy includes building a satellite tank which will serve as a reserve for the gas that is brought in by Alozean. It takes 250 days to build up inventories to satisfy peak demand. This model requires 6 trucks to carry the gas over the 250 day period. Field tanks will need to be built at the customer location in order to hold the gas that will service the peak demand and this will cost $ 25. 1 Million. This is one of the disadvantages of this strategy. The upside is that only 6 trucks are needed to operate on this strategy.Implementation of this strategy requires a total capital investment of $ 29. 376 Million and yields positive cash flows of . 325 (because of annual depreciation charges and tax rate of 50%) which shows that the project at a cost of capital of 9% has a Net Present Cost of $ 26. 33 Million. Proposal B: Quick Build up Strategy – In this proposal peak demand for the Utility companies will be built by quickly sending gas to the companies based on peak season demand forecasts. This strategy will require 128 trucks to fulfill demand within a 10 day period.